The Bayes’ theorem statistical method can be used to calculate the probability of presenting affected LNs even when a patient presents negative anatomopathological study results. the probability that the patients will present undiagnosed LN involvement, would be very useful for predicting the real prognosis and possible indications for adjuvant treatment among these patients. Calculation of the final error probability (FEP), i.e. Without a doubt, patients with a pN0 LN staging have the highest risk (in terms of their therapeutic management) of suffering the most harmful consequences of being given an incorrect classification and prognosis. Despite the multidisciplinary approach to LN analysis in colon cancer, for various reasons related to patients, surgeons, and pathologists, the number of LNs analysed is very variable between patients, and significantly fewer than 12 are usually analysed. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification is the gold standard method for staging colon cancer, however, this system recommends collecting at least 12 LNs for correct staging.
Thus, patients with stages I and II cancers have a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate higher than 75% compared to 30%–60% in patients with stages III and IV cancers. Lymph node (LN) involvement is the prognostic factor most directly related to the survival and disease-free interval of cancer patients. Colon cancer is the most frequent malignancy in both sexes in Western countries, with an incidence of approximately 471,000 cases per year and a mortality of 228,000 cases per year in Europe.
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